| Thulium
|
|---|
69Tm
|
|
|
| Panagway
|
|---|
silvery gray
|
| Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya
|
|---|
| Ngalan, simbolo, kaiphan
|
thulium, Tm, 69
|
|---|
| Paglitok
|
[[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|Plantilya:Smallcaps all-lee-əm]]
|
|---|
| Kategoriyang elemento
|
puthaw nga lantanido
|
|---|
| Group, period, block
|
n/a, 6, f
|
|---|
| Gibug-aton sa atomo
|
168.93421
|
|---|
| Kontorno sa elektron
|
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
|
|---|
| History
|
|---|
| Pagkadiskobre
|
Per Teodor Cleve (1879)
|
|---|
| First isolation
|
Per Teodor Cleve (1879)
|
|---|
| Physical properties
|
|---|
| Phase
|
magahi
|
|---|
| Density (near r.t.)
|
9.32 g·cm−3 |
|---|
| Liquid density at m.p.
|
8.56 g·cm−3 |
|---|
| Melting point
|
1818 K, 1545 °C, 2813 °F
|
|---|
| Boiling point
|
2223 K, 1950 °C, 3542 °F
|
|---|
| Heat of fusion
|
16.84 kJ·mol−1
|
|---|
| Heat of vaporization
|
247 kJ·mol−1 |
|---|
| Molar heat capacity
|
27.03 J·mol−1·K−1 |
|---|
| Vapor pressure
|
|---|
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
| | at T (K)
|
1117
|
1235
|
1381
|
1570
|
(1821)
|
(2217)
|
|
| Atomic properties
|
|---|
| Oxidation states
|
2, 3, 4 (basic oxide)
|
|---|
| Electronegativity
|
1.25 (Pauling scale)
|
|---|
| Ionization energies
|
1st: 596.7 kJ·mol−1 |
|---|
| 2nd: 1160 kJ·mol−1 |
| 3rd: 2285 kJ·mol−1 |
| Atomic radius
|
176 pm
|
|---|
| Covalent radius
|
190±10 pm
|
|---|
| Miscellanea
|
|---|
| Crystal structure
|
hexagonal
|
|---|
| Magnetic ordering
|
paramagnetic at 300 K
|
|---|
| Electrical resistivity
|
(r.t.) (poly) 676 nΩ·m
|
|---|
| Thermal conductivity
|
16.9 W·m−1·K−1 |
|---|
| Thermal expansion
|
(r.t.) (poly)
13.3 µm/(m·K)
|
|---|
| Young's modulus
|
74.0 GPa
|
|---|
| Shear modulus
|
30.5 GPa
|
|---|
| Bulk modulus
|
44.5 GPa
|
|---|
| Poisson ratio
|
0.213
|
|---|
| Vickers hardness
|
520 MPa
|
|---|
| Brinell hardness
|
471 MPa
|
|---|
| CAS registry number
|
7440-30-4
|
|---|
| Most stable isotopes
|
|---|
| Main article: Isotopes of thulium
|
|
|
| · r
|
