Thulium
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69Tm
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Panagway
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silvery gray
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Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya
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Ngalan, simbolo, kaiphan
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thulium, Tm, 69
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Paglitok
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[[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|Plantilya:Smallcaps all-lee-əm]]
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Kategoriyang elemento
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puthaw nga lantanido
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Group, period, block
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n/a, 6, f
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Gibug-aton sa atomo
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168.93421
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Kontorno sa elektron
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[Xe] 4f13 6s2 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
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History
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Pagkadiskobre
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Per Teodor Cleve (1879)
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First isolation
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Per Teodor Cleve (1879)
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Physical properties
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Phase
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magahi
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Density (near r.t.)
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9.32 g·cm−3 |
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Liquid density at m.p.
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8.56 g·cm−3 |
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Melting point
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1818 K, 1545 °C, 2813 °F
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Boiling point
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2223 K, 1950 °C, 3542 °F
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Heat of fusion
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16.84 kJ·mol−1
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Heat of vaporization
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247 kJ·mol−1 |
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Molar heat capacity
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27.03 J·mol−1·K−1 |
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Vapor pressure
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P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
| at T (K)
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1117
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1235
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1381
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1570
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(1821)
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(2217)
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Atomic properties
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Oxidation states
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2, 3, 4 (basic oxide)
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Electronegativity
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1.25 (Pauling scale)
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Ionization energies
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1st: 596.7 kJ·mol−1 |
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2nd: 1160 kJ·mol−1 |
3rd: 2285 kJ·mol−1 |
Atomic radius
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176 pm
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Covalent radius
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190±10 pm
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Miscellanea
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Crystal structure
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hexagonal
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Magnetic ordering
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paramagnetic at 300 K
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Electrical resistivity
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(r.t.) (poly) 676 nΩ·m
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Thermal conductivity
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16.9 W·m−1·K−1 |
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Thermal expansion
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(r.t.) (poly) 13.3 µm/(m·K)
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Young's modulus
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74.0 GPa
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Shear modulus
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30.5 GPa
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Bulk modulus
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44.5 GPa
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Poisson ratio
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0.213
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Vickers hardness
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520 MPa
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Brinell hardness
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471 MPa
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CAS registry number
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7440-30-4
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Most stable isotopes
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Main article: Isotopes of thulium
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· r
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