Grace White Sherwood

Si Grace White Sherwood (1660–1740), nga gitawag nga Witch of Pungo, mao ang katapusang tawo nga nahibal-an nga nakombikto sa pamalbal sa Virginia (ang usa ka babaye nga ginganlag Maria bisan pa gihukman nga naggamit sa salamangka aron makit-an ang nawala nga mga butang ug bahandi ug gibunalan ang katloan ug siyam ka beses sa 1730, nga mao ang tinuud nga katapusan nga pagsulay sa salamangka sa Virginia.).

Grace White Sherwood
Gihimugsû	1660 lagmit Pungo, Princess Anne County, Kolonya sa Virginia
Namatay	Plantilya:Death year and age lagmit Pungo
Bantáyog	Mga estatuwa sa Grace Sherwood nga nahimutang sa 36.866139°N 76.131811°W / 36.866139; -76.131811
Laing ngalan	The Witch of Pungo
Panginabuhi	mag-uuma mananambal mananabang
Salaod	Pang-ungo
Kahimtang sa saláud	Positibo nga gihatagan usa ka dili pormal nga pardon

Usa ka mag-uuma, mananambal, ug mananabang, gisumbong siya sa iyang mga silingan sa pagbag-o sa iyang kaugalingon sa usa ka iring, makadaot nga mga tanum, ug hinungdan sa pagkamatay sa mga hayop. Gisumbong siya sa salamangka sa daghang beses; sa iyang paghusay kaniadtong 1706, si Sherwood giakusahan nga nagsamok sa iyang silingan, si Elizabeth Hill, hinungdan sa Hill sa miscarry. Gisugo sa korte nga ang pagkasad-an o pagka-inosente ni Sherwood matino pinaagi sa ducking sa tubig. Kung siya nalubog, wala’y sala siya; kung wala pa siya, nakonsensya siya. Ang Sherwood milutaw sa nawong ug mahimo nga gigugol sa hapit walo ka tuig nga pagkabilanggo sa wala pa buhian.

Si Sherwood nagpuyo sa Pungo, Princess Anne County (karon nga bahin sa Virginia Beach), ug naminyo ni James Sherwood, usa planter, kaniadtong 1680. Ang magtiayon adunay tulo ka anak nga lalaki: si John, James, ug Richard. Ang una niyang kaso naa sa 1697; giakusahan siya nga nagbutang usa ka spell sa usa ka toro, nga miresulta sa pagkamatay niini, apan ang kaso gi-undang sa kasabutan sa duha nga partido. Pagkasunod tuig gisumbong siya sa pagpang-ungo sa duha nga silingan; iyang gisumbak ang mga hogs ug gapas nga tanom sa usa niini. Si Sherwood naghusay alang sa pagbutangbutang pagkahuman sa matag akusasyon, apan ang iyang mga kaso wala molampos ug ang iyang bana kinahanglan magbayad sa mga gasto sa korte. Sa 1706 siya gihukman sa salamangka ug nabilanggo. Gibuhian gikan sa bilanggoan sa 1714, nabawi niya ang iyang kabtangan gikan sa Princess Anne County (namatay ang iyang bana sa 1701). Wala siya magminyo, ug nagpuyo sa iyang umahan hangtod sa iyang pagkamatay sa 1740 sa edad nga mga 80.

Kaniadtong Hulyo 10, 2006, ang ika-300 nga anibersaryo sa konbiksyon ni Sherwood, Gobernador Tim Kaine naghatag usa ka dili pormal nga pasaylo nga "opisyal nga ibalik [ang iyang] maayong ngalan", miila nga siya sayup nga nahukman. Usa ka estatwa nga naglarawan sa kaniya gipatindog duol sa Sentara Independence sa Independence Boulevard sa Virginia Beach, malapit sa lugar sa kolonyal nga korte kung diin siya gisulayan. Siya gikulit sa us aka raccoon, nga nagrepresentar sa iyang gugma sa mga hayop, ug pagdala sa usa ka bukag nga adunay bawang ug rosemary, sa pagkilala sa iyang kahibalo sa herbal healing.

Mga Pagtumod

Bibliograpiya

• Adams, Kathy (June 1, 2009). "What's in a name? Virginia Beach's Witchduck Road". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved August 5, 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Barisic, Sonja (July 10, 2006). "Va. Gov. Gives Informal Pardon to Witch". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 5, 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Batts, Denise Watson (March 24, 2007). "Statue of exonerated 'Witch of Pungo' finds place to rest". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved August 5, 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Batts, Denise Watson (July 10, 2006). "Witch of Pungo pardoned by governor after 300 years". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved August 10, 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Burr, George Lincoln (1914). Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases 1648–1706. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Archived from the original on 2010-08-20. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burstein, Sona Rose (September 1961). "Some Modern Books on Witchcraft". Folklore. London: Folklore Society. 72 (3): 520. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1961.9717297. JSTOR 1258580. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Butler, Jon (April 1979). "Magic, Astrology, and the Early American Religious Heritage, 1600-1760". The American Historical Review. Oxford: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association. 84 (2): 317–46. doi:10.2307/1855136. JSTOR 1855136. PMID 11610526.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Campbell, Beverly (December 30, 1934). "When Virginia Ducked Milady Witch". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved August 5, 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Cleavelin, Mary Beth (2014). "Witch of Pungo's church dedicates marker to her". hamptonroads.com. Retrieved October 22, 2014. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cushing, Jonathan Peter (1833). "Record of the Trial of Grace Sherwood in 1705 Princess Anne County for Witchcraft". Collections of the Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society. Vol. 95. Richmond, VA: Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) Note: includes transcripts of legal proceedings.
• Chewning, Alpheus J. (2006). Haunted Virginia Beach. Charleston, SC: History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-188-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Davis, Richard Beale (April 1979). "The Devil in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. Richmond, VA: Virginia Historical Society. 65 (2): 131–47. JSTOR 4246295.
• Department of Public Libraries (2006). "4. Witches and Witchcraft". The Beach: A History of Virginia Beach, Virginia (3rd ed.). Virginia Beach, VA: City of Virginia Beach. ISBN 978-0-9779570-0-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Dunphy, Janet (August 13, 1994). "Rural Charm Meets City Splendor". The Virginian-Pilot. Landmark Communications.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Gibson, Marion (2007). Witchcraft Myths in American Culture. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-97977-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hill, Christopher (1972). The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas during the English Revolution. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-14-013732-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hume, Ivor Noël (2005). Something from the Cellar. Williamsburg, VA: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. ISBN 978-0-87935-229-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• James, Edward W. (October 1894). "Grace Sherwood, the Virginia Witch". William and Mary Quarterly. Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary. 3 (2). JSTOR 1914583. Note: includes transcripts of legal proceedings.
• James, Edward W. (January 1895). "Grace Sherwood, the Virginia Witch". William and Mary Quarterly. Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary. 3 (3). JSTOR 1914774. Note: includes transcripts of legal proceedings.
• James, Edward W. (April 1895). "Grace Sherwood, the Virginia Witch". William and Mary Quarterly. Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary. 3 (4). JSTOR 1915288. Note: includes transcripts of legal proceedings.
• James, Edward W. (July 1895). "Grace Sherwood, the Virginia Witch". William and Mary Quarterly. Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary. 4 (1). JSTOR 1916177. Note: includes transcripts of legal proceedings.
• Nash, Belinda; Sheets, Danielle (2012). A Place in Time: The Age of the Witch of Pungo. Virginia Beach, VA: W. S. Dawson Company. ISBN 1-57000-107-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Murphy, Sharon Ann (February 27, 2017). "Early American Colonists Had a Cash Problem. Here's How They Solved It". Time. Retrieved July 11, 2017. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Newman, Lindsey M. (April 3, 2009). Under an Ill Tongue: Witchcraft and Religion in Seventeenth-Century Virginia (PDF) (MA (History) thesis). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2013.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Ruegsegger, Bob (October 30, 1999). "Virginia's 'Witch of Pungo': Accused Remembered as Colony's Joan of Arc". The Free Lance–Star. Retrieved August 20, 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Seltzer, Richard. "Grace Sherwood, the witch of Virginia". Samizdat. Archived from the original on July 25, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2013. Note: this is a transcript in modern English, with shorthand expanded, of the Burr book.
• Shapira, Ian (July 12, 2006). "After Toil and Trouble, 'Witch' Is Cleared". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 10, 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Witkowski, Monica C. (August 15, 2012). "Grace Sherwood (ca. 1660–1740)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. Retrieved August 5, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Yarsinske, Amy Waters (2002). Virginia Beach: A History of Virginia's Golden Shore. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-2402-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• "The Good Luck Horseshoe". William and Mary Quarterly. Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary. 17 (4). 1909. JSTOR 1915528.
• "Grace Sherwood – The One Virginia Witch". Harper's New Monthly Magazine. New York: Harper & Brothers. 69. June–November 1884.
• "Grace Sherwood & The Witch of Pungo". Princess Anne County/Virginia Beach Historical Society. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
• "Grace Sherwood – the Witch of Pungo (1660–1740)". Old Donation Episcopal Church. 2010. Archived from the original on April 12, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
• "The Haunting of Witchduck Road". Virginiabeach.com. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
• "Interstate 264 Virginia". Interstate Guide. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
• "Pardoning the Witches". Wethersfield Historical Society. June 20, 2012. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
• "Pungo". Princess Anne County/Virginia Beach Historical Society. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
• "Va. Woman Seeks to Clear Witch of Pungo". USA Today. Associated Press. July 9, 2006. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
• "Virginia Beach History Guide". Vabeach.com. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
• "The Witch of Pungo: 300 Years After Her Conviction, Governor Restores Grace Sherwood's Good Name". Virginia Historical Society. 2006. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
• "Witchcraft in Virginia". William and Mary Quarterly. Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary. 1 (3). January 1893. JSTOR 1939689.

Dugang pagbasa

• Bond, Edward (2000). Damned Souls in a Tobacco Colony: Religion in Seventeenth-Century Virginia. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. ISBN 0-86554-708-4.
• Gilbert, Lillie; Nash, Belinda; Norred-Williams, Deni (2004). Ghosts, Witches & Weird Tales Of Virginia Beach. Virginia Beach, VA: Eco Images. ISBN 0-938423-12-6.
• Hardy, Michael; Geroux, Bill (July 11, 2006). "Ding dong, the stigma's gone". Richmond Times-Dispatch.
• Kyle, Louisa Venable (November 1973). The Witch of Pungo, and Other Historical Stories of the Early Colonies. Virginia Beach, VA: Four O'Clock Farms. ISBN 978-0-927044-00-4.
• Levermore, C. H.; Burr, George L.; Jameson, J. Franklin (October 1914). "Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-1706 by George L. Burr". American Historical Review. Bloomington, IN: American Historical Association. 20 (1): 164–166. doi:10.2307/1836141. JSTOR 1836141.
• Norton, Mary Beth; Ray, Benjamin (September 2003). "Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive and Transcription Project by Benjamin Ray". The Journal of American History. Bloomington, IN: Organization of American Historians. 90 (2): 747–748. doi:10.2307/3659596. JSTOR 3659596. Note: Discusses Burr's work
• Weisman, Richard (1985). Witchcraft, Magic and Religion in 17th-Century Massachusetts. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-494-3.
• Writer's Program of the Works Projects Administration of the State of Virginia (1941). Virginia: A Guide to the Old Dominion. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-60354-045-2.
• "Grace Sherwood". Ferry Plantation. Archived from the original on Oktubre 13, 2014. Retrieved Agosto 5, 2013.
• "Notes and Queries". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. Richmond, VA: Virginia Historical Society. 34 (3): 278–279. July 1926. JSTOR 4244097.

Mga sumpay sa gawas

• Ang mga hulagway ug payl nga may kalabotan sa Grace Sherwood sa Wikimedia Commons

Galeriya sa hulagway

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