Eskandyo

(Naredirek gikan sa Scandium)

Ang eskandyo (Iningles scandium) mao ang elementong kimiko sa talaang peryodiko nga may simbolo nga Sc ug kaiphan nga atomik 21. Ang eskandyo mao ang puthaw nga transisyon.

Scandium
21Sc
-

Sc

Y
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
calciumscandiumtitanium
Panagway
silvery white
Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya
Ngalan, simbolo, kaiphan scandium, Sc, 21
Paglitok /ˈskændiəm/ [[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|Plantilya:Smallcaps all-dee-əm]]
Kategoriyang elemento puthaw nga transisyon
Group, period, block 34, d
Gibug-aton sa atomo 44.955912(6)
Kontorno sa elektron [Ar] 3d1 4s2
2, 8, 9, 2
Electron shells of scandium (2, 8, 9, 2)
Electron shells of scandium (2, 8, 9, 2)
History
Prediction Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
Pagkadiskobre Lars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
First isolation Lars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
Physical properties
Phase magahi
Density (near r.t.) 2.985 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 2.80 g·cm−3
Melting point 1814 K, 1541 °C, 2806 °F
Boiling point 3109 K, 2836 °C, 5136 °F
Heat of fusion 14.1 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 332.7 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity 25.52 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1645 1804 (2006) (2266) (2613) (3101)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states 3, 2[1], 1[2]
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.36 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)
1st: 633.1 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1235.0 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 2388.6 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 162 pm
Covalent radius 170±7 pm
Van der Waals radius 211 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure hexagonal
Scandium has a hexagonal crystal structure
Magnetic ordering paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity (r.t.) (α, poly)
calc. 562 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity 15.8 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (r.t.) (α, poly)
10.2 µm/(m·K)
Young's modulus 74.4 GPa
Shear modulus 29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus 56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.279
Brinell hardness 750 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-20-2
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of scandium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
44m2Sc syn 58.61 h IT 0.2709 44Sc
γ 1.0, 1.1, 1.1 44Sc
ε - 44Ca
45Sc 100% 45Sc is stable with 24 neutrons
46Sc syn 83.79 d β 0.3569 46Ti
γ 0.889, 1.120 -
47Sc syn 3.3492 d β 0.44, 0.60 47Ti
γ 0.159 -
48Sc syn 43.67 h β 0.661 48Ti
γ 0.9, 1.3, 1.0 -
· r

Ang mga gi basihan niini

usba
  1. McGuire, Joseph C. (1960). "Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride". Journal of Chemical Physics. 33: 1584–1585. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1584M. doi:10.1063/1.1731452. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. Smith, R. E. (1973). "Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 332 (1588): 113–127. Bibcode:1973RSPSA.332..113S. doi:10.1098/rspa.1973.0015.


Galeriya sa hulagway

usba